Production Safety
Vikesh February 18, 2025 15 min read

Why Skipping Evals Leads to Expensive Production Failures

You've heard this one before, right? An AI team ships something to production. Looks good in testing. Looks fine in staging. And then, six weeks later, customers are calling with complaints. By that point, thousands of bad decisions have been made, refunds are flying out the door, and suddenly everyone's scrambling in crisis mode.

It happens constantly, and here's why: without evals, the time between shipping and discovering failure is absolutely brutal. With proper testing, you'd catch it in maybe 6 minutes. Without it? You find out when customers bang on your door. That's 6 weeks of compounding damage.

And that gap between "we should have caught this" and "customers found it for us" is where the real money bleeds out.

The Case Study: The $500K Hallucination Disaster

What Happened

A document management SaaS company added AI-powered summaries to their product. Pretty simple feature. Upload a doc, AI reads it, spits back a summary. Users loved it. Within weeks, 15% of their customer base was using it.

The team did some QA. They tested 50 documents by hand. Everything seemed fine. Ship it.

The Problem Emerges

Three weeks in, support tickets start piling up. Customers are saying the summaries are wrong. Not just a little off. They're saying things that straight up aren't in the document. Some summaries describe stuff as "happened" when the doc only mentioned it was planned. Others are just plainly false.

Turned out the model was hallucinating. Making up plausible-sounding stuff that sounds real but isn't. And it was doing this about 8% of the time. On a corpus of 100 documents, that's 8 bad ones. But with thousands of docs flowing through daily? Hundreds of hallucinations every single week, and nobody knew.

What It Cost

Discovery wasn't fast. It took 3 weeks because:

By the time they really understood what was happening, 18,000 summaries had been processed. About 1,400 of them were hallucinations.

The cleanup bill:

Total damage: roughly $500K

How This Gets Prevented

If they'd had an eval system in place? Different story:

Eval Setup (build cost: $20K, ongoing: $5K/month): - 1,000 test documents with known correct summaries - Main check: Hallucination rate (info in summary but not in source) - Secondary check: Do key facts get captured? - Rule: Can't ship if hallucination rate > 2% What would've happened: - Model A (what they deployed): 8% hallucination → STOP - Model B (better setup): 1.2% hallucination → OK TO SHIP They never would've shipped. Problem solved, $500K saved.

Why Detection Speed Changes Everything: The Gap Between Minutes and Months

Here's the thing: when you find a production failure matters more than almost anything else. Earlier you catch it, cheaper it gets. Much cheaper. Here's the curve:

Cost Escalation Timeline: Impact of Detection Delays 6 Minutes (Evals Catch It) Cost: $2K Engineer time 6 Hours (Monitoring Alerts) Cost: $25K Affected users + triage 1 Day (Customer Complaints) Cost: $80K Refunds + PR 1 Week (Investigation) Cost: $250K Revenue impact + ops 2 Weeks (Escalated Crisis) Cost: $400K Churn + legal review 6 Weeks (No Evals) Customer Discovery Cost: $500K+ Full revenue impact + PR disaster Cost Escalation

The math is relentless. Every day you wait means the problem compounds. With evals, catch it in 6 minutes. Without them, customers find it. That's 6 weeks of damage you can't undo.

Breaking Down the Pattern: What We've Learned From Real Failures

We've looked at about 30 LLM failures across our client base. Same patterns show up every single time:

Failure Type Discovery Time (No Evals) Discovery Time (With Evals) Cost Gap
Hallucinations/Bad Facts 3-6 weeks 5-6 minutes $300K-800K
Biased or Unfair Output 2-8 weeks 20-30 minutes $1M-5M+
Quality Degradation 4-12 weeks Caught instantly $200K-1M
Specific Input Type Failures 1-4 weeks 1-2 hours $50K-250K

Why does evals catch bias faster? Because it's systematic. Same with hallucination. These aren't random glitches. They're patterns. But customers only surface them naturally after weeks of hitting them.

The Defense System: Layered Protection Before Failures Happen

Teams that don't blow up in production have structured their defenses like this:

Layer 1: Pre-Ship Testing (Minutes) └─ Run tests before anything goes live ├─ Check hallucination rates < 2% ├─ Test bias across different groups └─ Test edge cases and corner scenarios Layer 2: Production Monitoring (Hours) └─ Watch what's actually happening in real time ├─ Alert if guardrails start failing ├─ Watch for weird output patterns └─ Track if customers are unhappy Layer 3: Automatic Rollback (Minutes) └─ If something looks broken, flip the switch back ├─ No waiting for human decisions └─ Customers barely notice Layer 4: Learning Loop (Days) └─ Take what went wrong and improve tests ├─ Real failures teach the next eval └─ Each iteration gets better This works because: - 90% of bad stuff gets caught at Layer 1 (never ships) - 9% gets caught at Layer 2 (stops fast) - 1% reaches customers (and rolls back instantly)

The insight: you won't prevent everything, but you can keep most of it away from customers. That's what evals plus monitoring plus automation buys you.

The Math: When Evals Actually Pay for Themselves

Here's what a real eval program costs and what it saves:

Annual Eval Cost: - Building it: $60K (first month, one team) - Running it: $20K/month ongoing - Total per year: $300K Risk Without Evals: - Chance of major failure per year: 15% - Cost of a major failure: $500K - Expected yearly loss: 0.15 × $500K = $75K Risk With Evals: - Chance of major failure per year: 2% - But evals catch most of it early - Expected yearly loss: 0.02 × $500K = $10K Basic calculation suggests evals cost more than they save. But that's incomplete. Real numbers (what actually happens): Evals stop deployment disasters: $75K saved Evals catch issues in production early: $100K saved Better testing means faster iterations: $150K in value (2x more improvements) Avoid regulatory trouble: $300K not spent Keep customers from leaving: $200K retained Total value per year: $825K Eval cost: $300K ROI: 175% (nearly 3x payback)

But here's what makes this click: if you skip evals, you're not saving $300K. You're betting that luck will work out. And when a failure hits, it'll be worse than any eval investment.

The Real Cost of Skipping Evals

This is counterintuitive but true: not building evals isn't free. The cost just gets delayed and amplified. You pay upfront ($300K in prevention) or you pay later ($500K+ in crisis). Pick one.

Prevention is boring and predictable. Recovery is chaotic and expensive. Recovery also tanks customer trust, which is hard to rebuild.

We've looked at eval adoption across our client base. Teams with evals fail way, way less often than teams without them. It's not even close.

Getting Started: If You've Already Shipped Without Tests

If your system's been live but you haven't built evals, here's the urgent roadmap:

That week 4 audit is uncomfortable. You're about to find problems in production. Better you find them on purpose than your customers do by accident.

Conclusion: There's No Getting Around It

Skipping evals is expensive. Skipping evals then having it blow up in your face and explaining it to the board? That's more expensive.

The simple version: $300K invested in evals stops $500K-2M in failure costs. That's not complicated. That's arithmetic.

Build evals. Monitor them live. Set up automatic rollbacks when something smells wrong. The alternative (not doing this) costs millions in wasted time, refunds, and lost trust that you won't get back.

Is Your Production System at Risk?

We can audit your current AI deployments and identify high-risk failure modes that your evals might be missing. Early detection is the difference between a $5K fix and a $500K disaster.

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